Linux使用RST組RAID 1 with mdadm

Javier Zhang

8 min readJul 5, 2021

進入BIOS找到 Intel的RST(Rapid Storage Technology)設定RAID，每家主機板不太一樣，請參考主板說明書

選擇create RAID Volume

輸入你的RAID的name ，RAID的類型，我這裡是選擇了RAID 1，使用哪些磁碟，最後點create volume

重新回到peripherals的頁面查看是否已經創建好RAID

2. 將磁碟創建分區，因爲我的磁碟是10T，大於2T的磁碟需要使用parted操作，小於2T的可以使用fdisk(fdisk的操作會放在最後簡單介紹)

$ lsblk -f  ###查看目前與計算機相連的磁碟狀況NAME                    FSTYPE          LABEL UUID                                 FSAVAIL FSUSE% MOUNTPOINT
loop0                   squashfs                                                         0   100% /snap/core18/2074
loop1                   squashfs                                                         0   100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66
loop2                   squashfs                                                         0   100% /snap/core18/1988
loop3                   squashfs                                                         0   100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/72
loop4                   squashfs                                                         0   100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
loop5                   squashfs                                                         0   100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
loop6                   squashfs                                                         0   100% /snap/snapd/11036
loop7                   squashfs                                                         0   100% /snap/snap-store/547
loop8                   squashfs                                                         0   100% /snap/snapd/12398
loop9                   squashfs                                                         0   100% /snap/snap-store/518
sda                     isw_raid_member                                                           
\u2514\u2500isw_bebacfhdff_Volume                                                                           
sdb                     isw_raid_member                                                           
\u2514\u2500isw_bebacfhdff_Volume                                                                           
nvme0n1                                                                                           
\u251c\u2500nvme0n1p1             vfat                  4CF9-E07C                             503.1M     2% /boot/efi
\u2514\u2500nvme0n1p2             ext4                  220cb558-377c-4785-88c8-e1ebd087cfaf  423.3G     2% /

可以看到 sda與sdb已經透過主板的RAID串接起來，名字是u2500isw_bebacfhdff_Volume

安裝mdadm，確認兩顆磁碟sda與sdb是否已經分區

$ sudo apt install mdadm$ sudo mdadm -E /dev/sd[a-b]mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sda.
mdadm: No md superblock detected on /dev/sdb.

使用parted分別對兩個磁碟操作

$ sudo parted /dev/sdaGNU Parted 3.3
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.(parted) mklabel GPT(parted) mkpart primary ext4 1 -1(parted) printModel: ATA ST10000NE0008-2J (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 10.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      1049kB  10.0TB  10.0TB  ext4         primary(parted) quit

sdb重複上面的操作

重新檢查兩顆磁碟

$ sudo mdadm -E /dev/sd[a-b]/dev/sda:
   MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] :   4294967295 sectors at            1 (type ee)
/dev/sdb:
   MBR Magic : aa55
Partition[0] :   4294967295 sectors at            1 (type ee)

如上顯示確認沒有問題後，使用mdadm組RAID

md0是新的裝置名稱，l是要組RAID幾，n是使用幾顆磁碟，後面跟磁碟的地址(分區後，原本的sda或sdb後面會多出分區號), 如果出現裝置忙碌中，可以先重啓或sudo mdadm --stop /dev/md*

$ sudo mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sd[a-b]1  mdadm: /dev/sda1 appears to be part of a raid array:
       level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Mon Jul  5 08:18:18 2021
mdadm: Note: this array has metadata at the start and
    may not be suitable as a boot device.  If you plan to
    store '/boot' on this device please ensure that
    your boot-loader understands md/v1.x metadata, or use
    --metadata=0.90
mdadm: /dev/sdb1 appears to be part of a raid array:
       level=raid1 devices=2 ctime=Mon Jul  5 08:18:18 2021
Continue creating array? y
mdadm: Defaulting to version 1.2 metadata
mdadm: array /dev/md0 started.$ cat /proc/mdstatPersonalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] 
md0 : active raid1 sdb1[1] sda1[0]
      9766302720 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      [>....................]  resync =  0.0% (8028288/9766302720) finish=809.7min speed=200852K/sec
      bitmap: 73/73 pages [292KB], 65536KB chunkunused devices: <none>

結下來對RAID好的md0格式化並設定開機自動mount

$ sudo mkfs -t ext4 /dev/md0$ lsblk -f  ##記下md0裝置的UUID,其中1401c7ba-8e52-4a21-ac89-2b846aae4ca4就是UUID

$ sudo gedit /etc/fstab  ###編輯文檔

按最後一行的格式，修改成自己的UUID與要mount的地址

重啓後就可以開機自動mount，大功告成

最後簡單講一下fdisk的分區創建

$ sudo fdisk /dev/sdaCommand (m for help): m

Help:

  Generic
   d   delete a partition
   F   list free unpartitioned space
   l   list known partition types
   n   add a new partition
   p   print the partition table
   t   change a partition type
   v   verify the partition table
   i   print information about a partition

  Misc
   m   print this menu
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

  Script
   I   load disk layout from sfdisk script file
   O   dump disk layout to sfdisk script file

  Save & Exit
   w   write table to disk and exit
   q   quit without saving changes

  Create a new label
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create a new empty SGI (IRIX) partition table
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   s   create a new empty Sun partition table

其實也沒什麼好講的，按照上面help的說明操作就好

Linux使用RST組RAID 1 with mdadm

sdb重複上面的操作

Written by Javier Zhang

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